Heat health planning: The importance of social and community factors     

Jane Yardley  Ronald J. Sigal  Glen P. Kenny 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(2):670-679

Extreme heat events frequently have adverse effects on population health. Within every population certain groups and individuals are at a greater risk of heat-related morbidity and mortality than others. While certain physiological characteristics (advanced age, chronic conditions, etc.) are known to increase the risk of illness and/or death during periods of extreme heat, the role of social and community level factors in aggravating or mitigating this risk is poorly understood. This paper reviews the literature on the social and community level factors that affect heat-related morbidity and mortality in order to identify shortfalls in current heat health response plans so that new approaches can be recommended. While social isolation, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and neighborhood characteristics have all been identified as potential factors affecting the risk of heat-related illness and mortality, these are rarely, if ever, identified as heat health research priorities and are thus often neglected in heat emergency planning. Current research and programming practices are often prioritized from the top down where decisions are made at the federal level and research priorities are determined by national research bodies. This, unfortunately, may not allow enough flexibility to meet the needs of physically, socially and culturally diverse communities. A more socio-ecological approach to heat health research and planning would better allow for the identification of community level vulnerabilities and available resources and would encourage communities to work with regional or national partners to adapt response plans accordingly. The development of future plans should involve more partnerships at the community level so that social and community level factors that are currently overlooked may be included in heat health response strategies.  相似文献   

福建地震现场应急通信系统的运行维护管理     

吴楠楠  黄宏生  郭进波  洪惠群  林岩钊 《华南地震》2011,31(1):81-85

探讨了福建省地震局所配备的现场应急通信系统运行维护(简称运维)的管理.将现场通信系统细分为现场局域网系统、卫星通信系统、现场后勤保障系统和现场单兵通信系统进行维护.从运维管理组织、运维管理制度、运维管理场所、存在的问题及对策等方面论述了如何加强系统维护保养,提高应急装备运用和管理能力.  相似文献   

地震应急救援能力评价指标与计算方法研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李亦纲  吴建春  张媛  张玮晶  丁璐 《震灾防御技术》2011,6(2):172-179

本文在地震应急与救援体系发展规划、地震应急能力评价指标框架体系研究的基础上,根据应急能力评估的现实需求、数据的可获取性和可计算性等因素,参考社会经济领域统计评价的思路,根据应急救援规划发展目标,给出了地震应急救援能力的评价指标体系,包括指标大类和具体的子指标.以省级行政单元的评估为例,给出了指标的具体含义和计算方法,以...  相似文献   

渤海海域溢油应急预测预警系统研究Ⅱ. 系统可视化及业务化应用     

牟林  武双全  宋军  李欢  刘首华  李琰  高佳 《海洋通报》2011,30(6):713-717

本系统基于.NET平台,采用C#作为开发语言,对ArcEngine 9.3进行二次开发,融.NET平台的可移植性与ArcEngine 9.3的可视化和空间显示分析功能于一体,实现了溢油行为与归宿预测模块与GIS平台的统一。把溢油漂移的计算结果与地理信息系统等平台相结合,建立了渤海海域应急预测预警系统。也集成了环境敏感资源信息数据库、应急设备、队伍信息数据库和溢油漂移模型,为溢油应急提供溢油敏感资源及应急资源的日常管理,实现溢油漂移预测结果与敏感资源图的叠加耦合,达到对环境敏感资源的快速预警,形成了溢油敏感资源及应急资源管理系统。作为该系统研制中的第二部分,主要介绍了系统的可视化、系统的预报流程、系统案例验证以及业务化应用的研究工作。  相似文献   

南京市浦口区气象灾害应急管理体系建设研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王进山  王红蕾 《气象科学》2018,38(2):271-280

以南京市浦口区为研究区域,从应急管理、优化方案设计两方面完善了该区域气象灾害应急预案体系,给出了11个适用于各类气象灾害事件的普适性GIS优化算法,并通过事件编码实现子事件和算法的对接,为各类气象灾害事件的应对方案提供了算法设计基础。通过对南京浦口一次暴雨灾害应急处置案例进行剖析,证实了完备的预案体系和优化的算法设计能明显提高灾害应急管理效率,显著减少生命财产损失。  相似文献   

降水自记纸迹线提取有关异常处理的案例分析     

刘莎 《气象与环境科学》2018,41(2):126-130

在历史气象资料数字化工作中,降水自记纸迹线提取是通过计算机软件技术手段,按照提取技术要求并结合台站观测记录和实际天气现象,对降水迹线进行分析、模拟并生成序列数据的数字化过程。根据利用软件提取降水自记纸迹线的工作实践,分析了降水自记纸迹线提取过程中遇到的异常处理个例,并提供了相应的科学处理方法。  相似文献   

“情景-应对”型理论体系的发展及其在地震灾害应急管理中的应用探讨     

陈波  王芳  肖本夫 《震灾防御技术》2021,16(4):605-616

“情景-应对”型理论体系基于事件静、动态情景分析生成应急决策方案,已成为重大突发事件应急决策的基本范式。近年来,“情景-应对”研究理论的迅速发展极大地拓宽了其应用范围,逐渐被引入地震应急中,在一定程度上能够弥补传统“预测-应对”模式的不足,为震后高效行动及充分应对提供有效支撑。本文从情景识别、情景推演及应对处置方案生成等方面详细介绍了“情景-应对”理论体系发展中涉及的关键技术,阐述了其在地震灾害应急管理中的应用。通过对已有研究的回顾,分析讨论了该领域的最新进展及需进一步解决的问题。  相似文献   

Analysis of the geographical accessibility of neurosurgical emergency hospitals in Sapporo city using GIS and AHP     

K. Ohta  S. Takano  S. Kagaya  H. Yamada  H. Minakami 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):687-698

To improve the geographical accessibility of neurosurgical emergency hospitals for elderly people, we developed several alternative site plans for a new neurosurgical emergency hospital in Sapporo, Japan. Hospitals, population data, routes, and the numerical information for the Analytic Hierarchy Process computations were input into a Geographical Information System. Pairwise comparison revealed the following weights which were assigned to each of the four criteria: 0.674 for availability of hospital beds; 0.169 for the maximum road distance of the shortest routes; 0.101 for the elderly population within a 3‐km radius; and 0.056 for the median road distance of the shortest routes. The alternative proposed could cover 4000 more elderly people in the 3‐km radius of the hospitals. The integration of Geographical Information Systems and the Analytic Hierarchy Process constitutes a powerful tool for analysing traffic conditions in mid‐sized cities and for suggesting city planning to improve prognosis of stroke.  相似文献   

湖南省1∶20万地物化重磁图形库建设的体会     

蔡让平  李元卓  胡能勇  文宁 《湖南地质》1999,(1)

本文概述了湖南省１∶２０万地物化重磁图形库建设中取得的主要成果，从实践中摸索了一些图形处理的新方法，并指出了目前图形库建设中存在的问题及建议  相似文献   

Prelude to Brazil: Leo Waibel's American Career as a Displaced Scholar          下载免费PDF全文

Stephen Bell 《Geographical review》2016,106(1):5-27

Beyond Germany, Leo Waibel (1888–1951) built a distinguished reputation for his work in Africa and the Americas. Today he is remembered especially in Brazil, where he boosted the development of geography as a research discipline in the years 1946–1950. During his tenure of the chair in geography at Bonn (1929–1937), Waibel's main research preoccupation became the role of the tropics in the world economy. In early 1937, he sought research leave to make an extended field trip to Brazil. Stripped on political grounds in the same year of his chair, Waibel came to the United States, where he became the only geographer to receive help from the Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Scholars. He would eventually serve as one of the very limited core staff on President Franklin Roosevelt's “M” Project on migration and settlement. This paper reconstructs the context of his work in the United States, clarifying especially the nature of his collaborations with Isaiah Bowman, widely regarded at the time as the leading geographer within the United States. Waibel's correspondence from the United States, and later from Brazil, reveals an international career marked by contradictions.  相似文献